Cessna 120: Definition, Specifications, Performance, Difference

Cessna 120 is a single-engine, two-seat, light aircraft designed for general aviation purposes. The aircraft features a cockpit configured for pilot and passenger seating along with a fuselage constructed of metal. The wings are notable for their design and performance during flight while the engine ensures reliable power for takeoff and cruising. Specifications include details about the parts including the wing structure and fabric coverings. Understand the Cessna 120's performance, engine capabilities, and its place in aviation history.

The Cessna 120 incorporates a Continental C-85-12 engine which produces 85 horsepower. This four-cylinder horizontally opposed powerplant operates through an air-cooled and carbureted system assuring consistent performance. The aircraft achieves a best cruise speed of 115 mph (185.07 km/h) with a top speed of 122 knots. A service ceiling of 15,500 feet (4,724 meters) and a rate of climb between 640 to 680 feet per minute (195 to 207 meters per minute) demonstrate suitability for short-distance flights. The takeoff distance measures 650 feet (198.12 meters) while the landing distance requires 460 feet (140.21 meters).

The utility load capacity of the Cessna 120 depends on its configuration. The typical useful load equals 665 lbs (302 kg) with a maximum gross weight of 1,450 lbs (658 kg). The empty weight ranges from 770 lbs (349 kg) to 890 lbs (404 kg). Fully fueled with 25 gallons (94.63 liters), the payload decreases . Engine type and installed equipment affect the utility load capacity under different operational scenarios.

The Cessna 120 differs from the Cessna 140 in structural and performance characteristics. Structural modifications in the Cessna 140 include optional rear-cabin "D" windows and modernized electrical systems. Performance enhancements in the Cessna 140 involve flaps and optional 90 hp engines enhancing climb rates and landing precision. Cruise speeds remain similar but the Cessna 140 offers better handling and passenger comfort.

Flight schools utilize the Cessna 120 for developing pilot skills in tailwheel operations. The absence of flaps simplifies the learning process while the high-wing design provides excellent visibility during taxi and flight. The forgiving handling characteristics and responsive controls make it suitable for beginners. However, limitations arise in advanced flight training scenarios due to the absence of flaps and limited useful load. Regulatory standards assure compliance with authorities like the FAA allowing frequent use in training environments.

What is the Cessna 120 aircraft?

The Cessna 120 is a single-engine piston aircraft known for its simple design, featuring a conventional landing gear with a tailwheel configuration and seating for one passenger plus the pilot. Cessna started producing the Cessna 120 from June 1946 to May 1949, shortly after World War II, as part of the transition to peacetime business operations in the aviation industry. The Continental C-85-12 engine powers the Cessna 120, producing 85 horsepower for general aviation purposes. The Cessna 120 achieves a best cruise speed of 115 mph (185.07 km/h), allowing pilots to cover reasonable distances within a few hours. Aviation enthusiasts regard the Cessna 120 as a little marvel, made popular by its combination of simplicity and reliability. The simple design of the Cessna 120 contributes to its exceptional performance for its time, providing an accessible platform for pilots to learn on and get comfortable flying.

The Cessna 120 design features include a tailwheel configuration and conventional landing gear, which contribute to its reputation as a reliable piston-engine aircraft. The Continental C-85-12 engine, a four-cylinder horizontally opposed powerplant, generates 85 horsepower and ensures consistent performance through its air-cooled and carbureted system. Metal control surfaces enhance durability while the fabric-covered wings reduce weight, aligning with the light two-seat aircraft payload capacity. The empty weight of the Cessna 120 measures 890 pounds (403.7 kilograms), with some sources listing it at 818 pounds (371 kilograms), and supports a maximum takeoff weight of 1,450 pounds (657.7 kilograms). A fuel capacity of 25 gallons (94.63 liters) enables extended operations, balancing range and efficiency for general aviation aircraft usage.

Cessna 120 specifications highlight its part in pilot training and recreational flying within the general aviation aircraft category. The aircraft achieves a cruise speed of 85 to 100 knots and a top speed of 122 knots, making it suitable for short-distance flights. With a service ceiling of 15,500 feet (4,724 meters) and a rate of climb between 640 to 680 feet per minute (195 to 207 meters per minute), the Cessna 120 demonstrates robust performance metrics. The takeoff distance is 650 feet (198.12 meters), while the landing distance is 460 feet (140.21 meters), emphasizing its versatility on shorter runways. These attributes solidify the Cessna 120 definition as a practical light two-seat aircraft seating capacity option for both beginner pilots and enthusiasts.

The Cessna manufacturer transitioned to peacetime production after World War II, introducing the Cessna 120 as an accessible piston-engine aircraft. This model contributed to Cessna’s legacy by providing a simple yet effective platform for flight training and personal use. The Cessna 120 performance includes a range of 390 to 450 nautical miles (722.3 to 833.4 kilometers), enabled by a fuel burn rate of 5 to 7 gallons per hour (18.9 to 26.5 liters per hour) during cruise. Aviation enthusiasts value the aircraft for its ease of maintenance, reliability, and straightforward design. The Cessna 120 remains a cornerstone in the history of general aviation aircraft, influencing accessible and dependable designs for future innovations.

What are the technical specifications of the Cessna 120?

The technical specifications of the Cessna 120 are given in the table below.

These performance metrics highlight the aircraft's capability to operate effectively in diverse conditions. The high wing configuration further supports steady handling, making the Cessna 120 suitable for both training and recreational flying.The Cessna 120’s fuel capacity supports a flight range distance of 300 to 400 miles (482.8 to 643.7 kilometers), depending on operational factors. Pilots benefit from this range, which ensures flexibility for short-distance flights and basic cross-country travel. The efficient fuel consumption of the Continental C-85 engine enhances the aircraft's operational economy, aligning with its reputation as a practical single engine model. These characteristics make the aircraft adaptable to shorter runways, promoting its versatility for training and personal use. The Cessna 120 bush modifications are less common due to its design, yet it remains a reliable choice for pilots seeking simplicity and efficiency in their operations.

What is the utility load capacity of a Cessna 120?

The utility load capacity of a Cessna 120 depends on its configuration, with a typical useful load of 665 lbs (302 kg) for a stock aircraft. The maximum gross weight of the Cessna 120 equals 1,450 lbs (658 kg). The empty weight ranges from 770 lbs (349 kg) to 890 lbs (404 kg) depending on the configuration. A fully fueled Cessna 120 reduces the payload due to its 25-gallon fuel capacity. Optimal configurations allow a maximum useful load of 650 lbs (295 kg). Engine type and installed equipment directly affect the utility load capacity.

The typical useful load of a stock Cessna 120 equals 665 lbs (301.6 kg), but this value changes with specific configurations. A Cessna 120 equipped with a C-85 engine, electrical systems, com radio/transponder, fabric wings, and wheel pants achieves an empty weight of 970 lbs (440 kg), reducing the useful load to 480 lbs (218 kg). When fully fueled with its 25-gallon (94.63-liter) capacity, the aircraft's payload decreases further to 410 lbs (186.01-kg). Under standard conditions, the minimum useful load reaches 600 lbs (272.16 kg), while optimal configurations allow for a maximum useful load of 650 lbs (294.83 kg).

Engine type directly influences the utility load capacity of the Cessna 120. For instance, installing an O-290-D2 engine in a similar airframe reduces the useful load to 445 lbs (202 kg). Installed equipment, fuel capacity, and other variables are significant in determining the overall utility load. The gross weight of the Cessna 120 remains constant at 1,450 lbs (658 kg), but the empty weight varies between 770 lbs (350 kg) and 890 lbs (404 kg) depending on the configuration. These factors highlight the versatility and limitations of the aircraft under different operational scenarios.

What is the cruise speed of a Cessna 120?

The cruise speed of a Cessna 120 is within the range of 100 (161) to 110 (177) mph (km/h). Factors including weight, altitude, and weather conditions affect the aircraft's performance. The Cessna 120 integrates an 85-HP Continental C-85-12 engine, contributing to its light and straightforward handling in general aviation.

A standard cruise speed of 105 mph (169 km/h) represents balanced performance for the Cessna 120, offering optimal fuel efficiency and comfort under typical flight conditions. The aircraft achieves optimized fuel economy at an economical cruise setting of 95 mph (152.88 km/h), which reduces fuel consumption while maintaining adequate speed for longer flights. A minimal cruise speed of 75 mph (120.7 km/h) supports endurance flights, allowing pilots to extend operational time in specific scenarios. These reduced speeds demonstrate the adaptability of the Cessna 120 to various mission requirements.

Higher power settings enable the Cessna 120 to reach a maximum cruise speed of 110 mph (177 km/h) under normal conditions, with theoretical limits extending to 120 mph (193 km/h) under ideal circumstances. Engine upgrades, like the Continental O-200, contribute to achieving these upper speed thresholds. Environmental factors like altitude and weather influence the aircraft's ability to sustain higher speeds. Pilots adjust power settings to optimize performance based on specific flight objectives.

The Cessna 120's cruise speed varies depending on pilot decisions, aircraft weight, altitude, and weather conditions. A reduced speed setting of 85 mph (136.76 km/h) achieves greater fuel efficiency, utilized during endurance flights. The typical cruise speed range spans between 85 mph (136.8 km/h) and 110 mph (177 km/h), reflecting the aircraft's versatility across different operational contexts. The integration of efficient power management ensures the Cessna 120 remains a reliable option in general aviation.

What is the Cessna 120's flight range?

The Cessna 120's flight range is 450 miles (724 kilometers) under standard conditions. The flight range varies based on cruise speed and fuel management strategies. At a cruise speed of 105 mph (169 km/h) with a 30-minute fuel reserve, the aircraft covers 420 miles (676 km). Pilots optimizing speed and fuel efficiency achieve a range closer to 500 miles (804.672 kilometers). Under ideal conditions, the maximum range reaches up to 724 kilometers (450 miles), equivalent to 450 miles (724 kilometers). The lightweight design and simplicity of the Cessna 120 contribute to its adaptable performance.

Which engine powers the Cessna 120?

The engine that powers the Cessna 120 is the Continental C85. The Continental C85 engine is a flat-four cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed piston engine. Continental Motors manufactures the Continental C85-12 engine specifically for light aircraft. The Continental C85-12 engine produces 85 horsepower with an engine displacement of 188 cubic inches. Cessna 120 powerplant configuration optimizes reliability and performance for training aircraft. The Cessna 120 consistently operates with the 85 hp Continental C85 engine as its standard powerplant.

How does the Cessna 120's engine power affect climb?

The Cessna 120's engine power affects climb by enabling a climb rate of 640 to 680 feet (195.072 to 207.264 meters) per minute. The Continental C-85 engine provides 85 horsepower, directly influencing the aircraft's climb capabilities. A power-to-weight ratio of 17 pounds (7.71 kilograms) per horsepower supports efficient vertical performance. Propeller efficiency, optimized for cruise conditions, contributes to achieving the climb rate. The fixed-pitch propeller design ensures acceptable thrust during climbs at speeds between 65 (104.6) and 80 (128.7) mph (km/h). Climb performance varies with factors weight, altitude, and temperature, which pilots must account for during operation.

Different power settings influence climb rates under normal conditions. Full throttle at sea level enables the Cessna 120 to achieve its optimal climb rate of 640 (195) to 680 (207) feet per minute. Reducing engine power directly decreases thrust, lowering the climb performance. Altitude and air density further affect climb capabilities due to reduced engine power output in thinner air. The Continental C-85 engine experiences diminished efficiency above 1,524 meters (5,000 feet), impacting the rate of climb vertical speed (feet per minute). Pilots adjust power settings to compensate for these variables during climbs.

Increased horsepower enhances the climb gradient by providing greater thrust relative to aircraft weight. The fixed-pitch propeller, optimized for cruise conditions, ensures acceptable thrust during climbs at speeds between 65 (104.6 km/h) and 80 mph (128.7 km/h). Propeller efficiency and pitch are key factors in converting engine power into effective thrust. The efficiency curve of the propeller shows reduced performance outside its design speed, influencing overall climb characteristics.

A gross weight of 1,450 pounds (657.7 kilograms) combined with an 85-horsepower engine results in a power-to-weight ratio of 17 pounds (7.7 kilograms) per horsepower. Heavier loads reduce the climb rate while increased drag from extended flaps or improper configurations further degrades performance. The interaction of these factors determines the aircraft's ability to ascend efficiently. Pilots must account for weight and aerodynamic drag to maintain optimal climb performance.

Partial power loss or degraded engine performance adversely impacts climb capability. An 85-horsepower engine operating below its rated output reduces thrust, directly affecting climb performance. Torque becomes crucial in overcoming inertia during initial climb phases. Pilots prioritize maintaining safe airspeed and adjusting climb gradients to provide adequate vertical speed. Understanding the implications of reduced engine power horsepower is fundamental for managing climb operations effectively.

What is the difference between a Cessna 120 and a Cessna 140?

The difference between a Cessna 120 and a Cessna 140 is explained in the table below.

These structural modifications contribute to the Cessna 140's superior handling characteristics compared to the Cessna 120. Cabin design differences are evident in the optional rear-cabin "D" windows and electrical systems in the Cessna 120 cabin design, which are standard features in the Cessna 140 upgraded cabin design. The Cessna 140 offers a more comprehensive interior layout to improve passenger comfort. Performance characteristic differences are notable when comparing cruise speed and climb rate. The Cessna 120 cruise speed ranges between 95 mph (152.88 km/h) and 105 mph (168.97 km/h), matching the Cessna 140 under similar conditions. However, the Cessna 140 performance enhancements like flaps and optional 90 hp engines, increase climb rates and landing precision. The International Cessna 120/140 Association supports owners in maintaining and modifying these classic aircraft, securing their continued relevance in aviation.

What safety features does the Cessna 120 have?

The safety features of the Cessna 120 are listed below.

• Cessna 120 dual ignition system: Provides two sets of spark plugs per cylinder assuring redundancy and reducing the likelihood of in-flight engine failure.
• Cessna 120 stable airframe design: Prevents spins under normal flight conditions, offering predictable handling and greater safety.
• Cessna 120 robust landing gear: Absorbs impact during landings and supports the aircraft's weight with a tricycle setup for ground stability.
• Cessna 120 stall prevention: Relies on visual cues and control stick feedback due to the absence of a stall warning system, emphasizing pilot awareness.
• Cessna 120 clean aerodynamic design: Allows quick speed buildup with a stall speed of 32 knots in clean configuration, aiding recovery during dives.
• Cessna 120 fuel system safety mechanisms: Includes robust engineering of tanks and lines with manual fuel cutoff control for safety.
• Cessna 120 spin-resistant airframe: Prohibits intentional spins with flaps extended for safety during flight operations.
• Cessna 120 safety instrumentation panel: Focuses on important gauges like airspeed, altimeter, and tachometer, highlighting the need for pilot vigilance.
• Cessna 120 low wing loading: Makes the aircraft responsive to wind effects, requiring pilot attention to speed and attitude for safe operations.
• Cessna 120 carburetor heat management: Addresses icing concerns in the Continental C-90 engine, assuring reliable performance.

The Cessna 120 incorporates a dual ignition system redundancy, using two sets of spark plugs per cylinder. One spark plug failure allows engine operation to continue on the second circuit. Stall warning system stall prevention depends heavily on pilot awareness and training. The clean aerodynamic design aids in quick speed buildup with a stall speed of 32 knots in clean configuration. Regular inspections maintain fuel system integrity. Modern upgrades will enhance safety instrumentation panel warning indication, developing situational awareness. The Cessna 120 cruise speed ranges from 85-100 knots with a maximum speed of 122 knots.

The safety features of the Cessna 120 include a dual ignition system, stable airframe design, robust landing gear, and pilot reliance on visual cues for stall prevention.

Is the Cessna 120 easy to maintain?

Yes, the Cessna 120 is easy to maintain due to its simple design, accessible technical support, and readily available spare parts. The maintenance schedule for the Cessna 120 ensures predictable and regular inspections, with specific checks required at set intervals. Service manuals detail lubrication checks and visual inspections, promoting consistency in upkeep. Spare parts remain readily available due to a robust supply chain sustained by suppliers and the aircraft's popularity among enthusiasts. The robust airframe and reliable engine design minimize complexity, reducing overall maintenance requirements. A well-established technical support network, including forums and associations, provides clear guidance and assistance for owners and technicians.

The straightforward airframe and engine systems reduce complexity, making the aircraft practical to upkeep even after decades of service. The robust airframe and reliable Continental or Lycoming engine align with the Cessna 120 aircraft reliability, minimizing the need for frequent repairs. Routine tasks including lubrication checks and visual inspections are outlined in detail within the service manuals comprehensiveness, promoting maintenance schedule regularity.

Spare parts availability and consistent supply is a result of the aircraft's enduring popularity among aviation enthusiasts. Suppliers maintain a robust supply chain, making spare parts readily available. Affordability of parts further enhances maintenance cost evaluation cost-effectiveness, making the Cessna 120 an attractive option for budget-conscious owners. Technical support network accessibility includes forums, associations like the Cessna 120-140 Association, and experienced technicians who provide clear guidance. This network ensures technical support network responsiveness, addressing issues promptly and effectively.

The simplicity of the Cessna 120 aircraft design makes it accessible for owners with limited mechanical expertise. Detailed service manuals clarity and public resources guide individuals through routine maintenance tasks. Procedures like cleaning bearings or inspecting landing gear are easy to follow, reflecting maintenance procedures simplicity. Budget-friendly practices are made possible by predictable inspections and affordable spare parts, enabling owners to manage upkeep without extensive reliance on certified mechanics.

Routine maintenance under typical usage conditions involves predictable inspections and basic upkeep. Owners perform oil level checks and visual inspections before each flight, adhering to maintenance schedule predictability. Expert pilots and mechanics emphasize the aircraft’s reliability and ease of care, citing its robust airframe and low-drag spring-steel landing gear. The Cessna 120 specifications, including a service ceiling of 15,500 feet (4,724 meters) and power loading of 17 lbs./hp (7.71 kg/hp), provide suitability for various flying conditions while maintaining low maintenance requirements.

Is the Cessna 120 used for flight training?

Yes, the Cessna 120 is used for flight training, for developing pilot skills in tailwheel operations. The Cessna 120 exhibits suitability for both training and recreational flying. The forgiving handling characteristics of the Cessna 120 contribute to its excellence for developing pilot skills. The responsive controls of the Cessna 120 enhance its suitability for beginners learning tailwheel operations. The absence of flaps in the Cessna 120 simplifies the learning process by reducing controls to manage. The high-wing design of the Cessna 120 provides excellent visibility during taxi and flight.

The Cessna 120 demonstrates limitations in instrument and aerobatic applications. The absence of flaps in the Cessna 120 restricts its use in advanced maneuvering, impacting more advanced Cessna 120 training scenarios. The limited useful load of the Cessna 120 restricts its use in comprehensive training programs, highlighting limitations within certain Cessna 120 aviation applications. The Continental C-85-12 engine delivers modest but fuel-efficient performance, essential for Cessna 120 engine longevity and operational economy. The Cessna 120 achieves a cruise speed of around 95-105 mph (153-169 km/h), showcasing balanced Cessna 120 performance capabilities.

The Cessna 120 aligns with regulatory standards for flight training, assuring compliance with authorities like the FAA. The simple construction of the Cessna 120 ensures easy maintenance, aligning with training aircraft maintenance ease. Flight schools find the Cessna 120 attractive due to its cost-effectiveness for training fleets, reflecting common usage in flight schools' training fleets. The robust design of the Cessna 120 supports frequent use in training environments, reinforcing its status as a durable Cessna 120 model.

The Cessna 120 serves diverse training contexts, including civilian and informal settings. Private flight schools utilize the affordability of the Cessna 120, leveraging Cessna 120 cost efficiency benefits. Backcountry settings utilize the Cessna 120 for flight training, highlighting its adaptability in diverse Cessna 120 wings applications. The lightweight nature of the Cessna 120 enhances its joy of flying, appealing to enthusiasts who value Cessna 120 ease of handling.

How does the Cessna 120 handle during taxiing?

The Cessna 120 handles smoothly during taxiing due to its light weight, good visibility, and effective braking system. The Cessna 120's empty weight of 950-1000 pounds (431-454 kilograms) ensures effortless steering and control. Good visibility over the nose enhances precise maneuvering during taxiing. Hydraulic toe brakes provide effective deceleration but demand careful modulation to prevent nose-over incidents. The conventional landing gear, equipped with spring-steel components, offers reliable traction and stability. Pilots maintain directional stability by avoiding sharp turns and uneven surfaces.

Should the Cessna 120 use flaps during takeoff?

The Cessna 120 does not use flaps during takeoff due to their absence. The Cessna 120 achieves efficient lift-off without flaps during normal takeoffs. Pilots rely on full power application and precise pitch control to optimize takeoff performance. Short-field takeoffs in the Cessna 120 use a 10-degree flap setting to reduce takeoff distance. Aircraft performance data shows reasonable takeoff distances despite the absence of flaps. The Pilot Operating Handbook emphasizes maintaining safe climb rates and airspeed below 82 mph (132 km/h) during takeoff.

Short-field takeoff procedures differ from normal takeoffs in the Cessna 120. A 10-degree flap setting reduces takeoff distance while maintaining safe climb rates. Pilots apply full power and adjust pitch to achieve optimal performance. The short-field takeoff procedure performance criteria focus on minimizing ground roll and enabling a steady climb. Aircraft performance data takeoff distance shows superior figures with this configuration compared to zero flaps. Safe climb rates remain essential, requiring airspeed below 82 mph (132 km/h) as emphasized in the Pilot Operating Handbook.

The Pilot Operating Handbook provides specific guidance for takeoff scenarios, including flap usage recommendations. Short-field takeoff procedure flap usage involves deploying 10 degrees of flaps to enhance lift without excessive drag. Normal takeoff procedure flap setting remains at zero degrees due to the absence of complicated flap mechanisms. Pilot operating handbook recommended procedures stress smooth power application and precise pitch control. These protocols promote adherence to safety parameters during varying weight conditions or adverse weather.

Environmental factors influence takeoff decisions in the Cessna 120. Pilots evaluate runway length, aircraft weight, and wind conditions before initiating takeoff. Takeoff configuration parameters include full power, gentle pitch-up control, and right rudder input. Aircraft performance data flap impact highlights the trade-off between lift and drag when using partial flaps. Flaps deployment angle is limited to 10 degrees to balance reduced takeoff distance with climb efficiency. Cessna 120 performance excels when pilots adhere strictly to these principles.

How does the Cessna 120 handle drag during flight?

The Cessna 120 handles drag during flight through a streamlined configuration and optimized wing design. A sleek and streamlined exterior minimizes airflow disruption around the aircraft. The optimized airfoil shape of the wings enhances the lift-to-drag ratio for efficient flight. Drag management during takeoff, climb, and landing relies on fixed design elements. The absence of flaps simplifies the wing design optimized airfoil shape, reducing complexity and drag across all flight phases. Cantilever wings upheld by struts enhance lift generation while maintaining smooth airflow. The absence of flaps eliminates additional drag associated with flap mechanisms. Pilots manage drag effectively by maintaining optimal cruising speeds between 100 (161 km/h) to 110 (177 km/h) mph. Maintaining these speeds minimizes drag while providing efficient fuel consumption. Variations in airspeed outside this range increase drag, reducing overall aerodynamic efficiency. The streamlined configuration smooth aerodynamic profile of the aircraft supports stable performance within this speed envelope.


The fuselage design streamlined contour and wing design lift-to-drag ratio enhancement play pivotal roles in reducing aerodynamic resistance. A minimal frontal area exposed to airflow lowers the drag coefficient low numerical value. Benefits of cantilever wings include structural integrity and reduced turbulence, further boosting the Cessna 120 aerodynamic efficiency.

External influences like air density and weather conditions affect drag performance. Higher altitudes with lower air density reduce parasitic drag but require adjustments in thrust. Pilots adapt to environmental factors by optimizing speed and attitude during Cessna 120 cruise operations. Precise control ensures efficient flight even in challenging atmospheric conditions.

Is the Cessna 120 capable of short-field landings?

Yes, the Cessna 120 is capable of short-field landings due to its lightweight design and effective deceleration rate. The Cessna 120 achieves a landing roll distance of about 460 feet (140.2 meters) under normal conditions. Pilots manage airspeed and control inputs carefully during landing due to the absence of flaps. The aircraft clears a 50-foot (15-meter) obstacle in 1,530 feet (466 meters) during landing. Hard, dry surfaces reduce the ground roll distance. Environmental conditions including elevation, temperature, and wind influence short-field landing performance.

The Cessna 120 achieves a landing roll distance of about 460 feet (140.2 meters) under normal conditions, representing the minimum landing distance under ideal circumstances. Short-field landing performance runway length requirement specifies that the aircraft clears a 15.24-meter (50-foot) obstacle in 466.344 meters (1,530 feet) during landing. Ground roll characteristics ground roll distance varies based on factors like aircraft weight, fuel load, and surface conditions. Hard, dry surfaces reduce the ground roll distance by minimizing drag and augmenting braking efficiency. The Cessna 120 short-field landing capability benefits from its lightweight design, low wing loading, and effective deceleration rate on firm surfaces.

Maximum takeoff weight and environmental factors like elevation, temperature, and wind directly influence short-field landing performance. Higher elevations and temperatures reduce air density, increasing the required runway length for safe operations. Tailwinds extend the ground roll distance while headwinds decrease it. Pilots manage airspeed and control inputs carefully during landing due to the absence of flaps, maintaining optimal flap settings for landing. Short-field landing performance braking efficiency decreases on wet or soft ground, emphasizing the significance of surface conditions.

The Cessna 120 adapts well to different runway surfaces:grass and gravel, with careful adjustments to weight, fuel load, and propeller settings. Grass field operations benefit from the aircraft's low weight and sensitive controls, allowing it to decelerate efficiently without brakes. Ground roll characteristics deceleration rate varies depending on surface type, with firm surfaces providing better stopping performance. High-altitude airports require pilots to account for reduced engine performance and longer ground roll distances within the Cessna 120 performance envelope.

Skilled pilot technique is essential in managing flapless landings and achieving optimal short-field performance. The Continental C-85 or O-200 engine provides sufficient power for short-field operations, maintaining efficient climb and obstacle clearance. Short-field landing performance obstacle clearance requires pilots to assess environmental conditions and execute precise control during ground roll. The Cessna 120 bush operations demonstrate its rugged construction and suitability for challenging environments, though crosswind handling demands expertise.

How has the Cessna 120's design evolved over time?

The Cessna 120's design evolved over time through the transition from fabric-covered wings to all-metal wings, reflecting material innovations and cost-effectiveness. The transition to all-metal wings enhanced durability and resistance to weather conditions. Cessna initially produced 2,171 Model 120s between 1946 and 1949, starting with fabric-covered wings. Aluminum wings reduced drag caused by fabric sagging and weathering. The use of metal wings set a precedent for future aircraft designs, emphasizing material innovation. Simplicity and cost-effectiveness remained central to the Cessna 120's design philosophy.

The Cessna 120's aerodynamic improvements focused on drag reduction, achieved through the transition from fabric-covered to all-metal wings. The aluminum wings eliminated sagging and weathering issues, promoting structural integrity and performance. Specific wing profile modifications remain undocumented, but the shift to metal contributed to a smoother surface, developing lift-to-drag ratios. Structural modifications to the fuselage were minimal, with the omission of rear quarter windows simplifying production without compromising functionality. Frame reinforcements were not a focus, as the initial design maintained robustness through its construction principles.

The aircraft relied on a Continental C-85 engine producing 85 horsepower, which remained consistent throughout production. Technological advancements involved material innovations: the adoption of aluminum for wings. The introduction of all-metal wings aligned with broader trends in aircraft design evolution technological advancements, emphasizing durability and cost-effectiveness.

Avionics upgrades and instrumentation advances were minimal, with basic instruments typical of the era. Owners later implemented modern navigation tools and electronic flight instruments, driven by regulatory requirements and user feedback. Cockpit redesign visibility improvements were sacrificed due to the removal of rear quarter windows, a cost-saving measure. Material innovations composite integration did not occur, as aluminum and steel dominated construction. The Cessna 120 bush adaptability stemmed from its rugged design, though it was not specifically engineered for such operations.

Where to find Cessna 120 for sale?

To find a Cessna 120 for sale, explore online aircraft marketplaces, aviation classifieds websites, and local airport sales boards. Websites like Trade-A-Plane and Controller.com feature extensive listings with filters for model, location, and price. Aviation classifieds, for instance, Barnstormers provide detailed ads, including a 1946 Cessna 120 equipped with a 125 HP Lycoming engine. Aircraft dealer networks offer verified seller profiles and specialized listings for classic aircraft like the Cessna 120. Local airport bulletin boards display notices from nearby sellers, enabling direct communication and personal inspections.

Online aircraft marketplaces inventory includes a wide range of Cessna 120 listings, providing users with access to detailed specifications like total time in airframe (TTAF) and time since major overhaul (SMOH). Online aircraft marketplaces search functionality allows filtering by model, location, and price, offering precise results for buyers. Listings on platforms like Trade-A-Plane and Controller.com feature high-quality images and descriptions, improving the buyer’s understanding of each aircraft’s condition. Aircraft dealer networks dealerships specialize in classic aircraft, offering Cessna-specific sales listings model-specific listings with verified seller profiles. These listings include comprehensive details about engine upgrades, avionics installations, and restoration work performed on the Cessna 120.

Aviation classifieds websites advertisements highlight unique features of the Cessna 120, for example, a 1946 model equipped with a 125 HP Lycoming engine. Aviation classifieds websites contact information connects potential buyers directly with sellers, streamlining communication. Aircraft auction platforms auction events provide opportunities to secure competitive pricing through transparent bidding histories. Aviation broker services consultation offers personalized guidance customized to buyer needs, assisting with inspections, financing, and negotiations. Aviation broker services brokerage ensures expert handling of all transaction aspects, simplifying the purchasing process.

Local airport bulletin boards serve as public hubs where aviation enthusiasts discover nearby listings. Local airport sales listings enable direct communication between buyers and sellers, facilitating personal inspections of available aircraft. The Cessna 120 line remains popular due to its affordability and reliability, making it an ideal choice for restoration projects or recreational flying. Parts for the Cessna 120 are widely available, contributing to its appeal among enthusiasts seeking a Cessna 120 single airplane with low maintenance costs.

What is the price of a Cessna 120?

The price of a Cessna 120 depends on its condition and modifications, ranging from $21,000 for minimal avionics and older restoration to $55,000 for a fully restored model with modern avionics. A Cessna 120 in basic project condition costs around $25,000, including necessary parts but requiring restoration work. A complete project with a newly overhauled engine and refurbished wings is priced at $30,000, offering potential for quick restoration and sale. Good airworthy condition with a recent engine overhaul raises the price to $35,500, providing reliability and better performance. The average market price for a Cessna 120 is $35,490, reflecting a mix of basic avionics and some restoration work. Fully restored models with modern avionics reach up to $55,000, appealing to enthusiasts seeking premium upgrades.

The lower end of the Cessna 120 price spectrum includes models like the $21,000 aircraft with minimal avionics and older restoration. These examples appeal to buyers seeking a functional yet basic aircraft. For historical context, the original 1946 Cessna 120 model was priced at $2,695 in minimal configuration, highlighting the drastic increase in value over time. Mid-range prices reflect a balance between affordability and functionality. The average market price for a Cessna 120 is $35,490, representing a mix of basic avionics and partial restoration efforts. Higher-end pricing targets buyers prioritizing reliability and modern upgrades. Varying conditions, modifications, and restoration levels impact the Cessna 120’s pricing across all tiers.